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main printed feature: initial letter

New sections of a text were often marked off with decorative initial letters. In the early years of printing, such letters were often added in by hand, and so the printed text would leave an empty space for it, sometimes including a guide letter to let the decorator know which one to draw. Later books used printed initial letters in a variety of styles, including historiated initials depicting humans and floriated initials with flora.

Nider, Manuale Confessorum, 1474 ([1]1r)

The beginning of this manual for confessors is marked with an "incipit," a common Latin word used to indicate the beginning of a text.

Nider, Manuale confessorum, 1474 ([3]3r)

Although this book has clearly been read and annotated by a reader, its owner never had the initial letters or rubrication added. You can see on the left an empty square that would hold a hand-drawn initial letter as well as a smaller space further down on the right that would have been rubricated with a ca­pit­u­lum to indicate the start of a new chapter or section.

Prouisiones cedulas, 1563 (m2r)

Two different styles of the initial letter D can be seen here, the first quite plain and the second floriated.

Rinuccio, Aesop, 1521 (sig. c7r)

A unique feature of this text is how the morals are isolated in the margins next to their respective fables. The use of the manicules and banners serves to emphasize the lofty values they impart.

Sacrobosco, Noviciis adolescentibus, 1485 ([1]2r)

Sacrobosco's works were some of the most influential astronomical texts of the middle ages. It was frequently collected with works from Regiomantus and Peurbach as a textbook on the subject. The incipit (even though it's not preceded by the phrase) provides the title under which this collection is cataloged, rather than the more commonly used De sphaera mundi.

Shakespeare, First Folio, 1623 (nn4v)

The opening of Hamlet in Shakespeare’s First Folio; like the rest of the plays in this book, the start of the play is marked off with a headpiece and an initial letter.

Soldini, Anima brutorum, 1776 (a8r; Getty)

The opening of each chapter in this book features intaglio initial letters, the colors of which vary from copy to copy. In this copy from the Getty, a blue ink is used, but in the Smithsonian's copy, the initial letter is printed in sienna. (The plates facing this page also differ in the two copies; search "Soldini" to compare.)

Soldini, Anima brutorum, 1776 (a8r; Smithsonian)

The opening of each chapter in this book features intaglio initial letters, the colors of which vary from copy to copy. In this copy from the Smithsonian, an ochre ink is used, but in the Getty's copy, the initial letter is printed in blue.

Tabulae abcdariae pueriles, 1544 (recto)

Children were often taught to read by printed examples of the alphabet and the Lord's Prayer. This sheet is one of the earliest surviving lessons (probably because, as its appearance suggests, it was never used). Although there is no imprint statement on the sheet, the blocks used in the border were also used by Valentin Bapst in the late 1540s, suggesting that he is this work's printer as well.

The Moderate, 1648 (recto)

This issue of an English newsbook has remained uncut and so shows us its quarto imposition as the pages would have been laid out when printed.

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main printed features

  • advertisement
  • blank
  • book making
  • colophon
  • correction
  • error
  • form
  • frontispiece
  • imprimatur
  • index
  • initial letter
  • intaglio
  • movable parts
  • music
  • press figure
  • printed marginalia
  • printer's device
  • printer's ornament
  • privilege
  • register
  • signature mark
  • subscribers list
  • title page
  • two-color printing
  • woodcut

date published

  • 1450-1499
  • 1500-1549
  • 1550-1599
  • 1600-1649
  • 1650-1699
  • 1700-1749
  • 1750-1800

place printed

  • Belgium
  • Czech Republic
  • England
  • France
  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Mexico
  • Netherlands
  • Peru
  • Poland
  • Russia
  • Scotland
  • Spain
  • Switzerland
  • Ukraine
  • United States
Sarah Werner. "main printed feature: initial letter." Early Printed Books. https://www.earlyprintedbooks.com/feature/initial-letter/. Version 20190427.
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